Unit One Solution of Computer Graphics Unit-test paper

Unit One Solution of Computer Graphics Unit-test paper: -

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Unit One Solution of Computer Graphics Unit-test paper

Unit ONE                      SOLUTION OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS                       

1.    What do you mean by Computer Graphics? Explain its application.

Ans: -The process of transforming and representing object or information in visual form is called Computer Graphics. It is the creation of pictures with the help of a computer. Computer Graphics may be a business graph, drawing like, circle, or any other space animation etc.

In today`s life computer graphics has now become a common element in uses interface, TV commercial motion pictures etc. In computer graphics, two- or three-dimensional pictures can be created that are used for research. It is also used in various fields like engineering, mathematical model etc.

                                Computer graphics deals with creation manipulation and storage different types of images and object. Some of the application of computer graphics are as follows: -

v  Computer Art: -

Using computer graphics, we can create fine and commercial art which include animation packages, paint package. These packages provide facilities for designing object, space and specifying object motion cartoon, drawing, painting, logo design can also be done.

v  Computer Aided Drawing: -

                                                                Designing of building, automobile, aircraft is done with the help of computer aided drawing. This help in providing minute details to the drawing and producing more accurate and sharp drawings with better specification.

v  Presentation Graphics: -

                                                        For the presentation of reports or summarising the financial statistical, mathematical, scientific, economic data for research reports managerial reports, moreover creation of bar graphs, pie charts, time charts can be done using the tool present in the computer graphics. 

v  Entertainment: -

                                                        Computer graphics find a major part of its utility in the movie industry and game industry. Used for creating motion pictures, music video, television shows, cartoon animation films.

v  Education: -

                                                        Computer generated models are useful for teaching huge numbers of concepts in an easy to understand and learn manner. Using computer graphics many educational models can be created through which more interest can be generated among the students regarding the subjects.

v  Training: -

                                                        Specialized system for training like simulators can be used for training the candidates in a way that can be grasped in a short span of time with better understanding.

v  Visualization: -

                                                        Data visualization helps in finding insights of the data, to check and study the behaviour of processes around us we need appropriate visualization which can be achieved through proper usage of computer graphics.

v  Image processing: -

                                                        Various kinds of photographs or images require editing in order to be used in different places processing of existing images into refined ones for better interpretation is one of the many applications of computer graphics.

v  Graphical User Interface (GUI): -

                                                        The uses of pictures, images, icon, pop-up menus, graphical objects help in creating a user-friendly environment where working is easy and pleasant, using computer graphics we can create such an atmosphere where everything can be automated and anyone can get the desired action performed in an easy fashion.

Unit One Solution of Computer Graphics Unit-test paper

2.     What is CRT? Explain its types.

Ans: -

The CRT stands for Cathode Ray Tube. The electron gun emits a beam of electrons called cathode ray. The electron beam passes through focusing and deflection systems that direct it towards specified positions on the phosphor-coated screen. When the beam hits the screen, the phosphor emits a small spot of light at each position contacted by the electron beam. It redraws the picture by directing the electron beam back over the same screen points quickly.

                The two basic techniques for producing colour displays with a CRT are the beam-penetration method and the shadow-mask method. These use three colours, Red, Green and blue (RGB) and their combinations.

Types of CRT’s

Ø Raster-Scan Display: -

                                             In a raster scan system, the electron beam is swept across the screen, one row at a time from top to bottom. As the electron beam moves across each row the beam intensity is turned on and off to create a pattern of illuminated spots. Picture definition is stored in memory. Stored intensity values are painted on the screen one row at a time as shown below.

Refreshing on Raster-Scan display is carried out at the rate of 60 or higher frames per second. Most of display devices are based on this technology. For e.g. CRT colour CRT, LCD and LED etc.

                Horizontal retrace/Vertical retrace: -

                                                                                                Returning of electron beam from right end to left end after refreshing each scan line is horizontal retrace. At the end of each frame, the electron beam returns to the top left corner to being next frame called vertical retrace.

Raster-Scan system consists of several processing units. CPU is the main processing unit of computer system. Architecture of Raster-Scan consist of system bus that helps to access peripheral devices. It consists of video controller which is used to control the operation of display devices. A fixed area of system memory is reserved for the frame buffer. The content of frame buffers are used to control the CRT beam’s intensity or colour.

Advantages: -

*      Shows Realistic pictures.

*      Millions unique hues can be performed.

*      Shadow scenes are conceivable. (i.e. Capable of being imagined)

Hues = Colour.

                Disadvantages: -

*      Low resolution.

*      Electron beam co-ordinated to whole screen not exclusively to those parts of screen where picture is drawn so long when drawn picture is longer then whole screen.

*      Expensive.

Ø  Random-Scan (Vector) Display System: -

In this technique, the electron beam is directed only to the part of the screen where the picture is to be drawn rather than scanning from left to right and top to bottom as in raster scan. It is also called vector display ore calligraphic display. Picture definition is stored as a set of line-drawing commands in an area of memory referred to as the refresh display file. Random-scan display are designed to draw all the component line of a picture 30 to 60 times each second.

      The refresh rate of vector display depends upon the number of lines to be displayed for drawing all component lines 30 to 60 times per second. Plotter is the best example of this system.

                   Random display system consists of additional processing unit along with CPU which is called the display processor. Picture definition is stored as a set of line drawing commands in an area of memory called display list. This display list is then accessed by the display processor to create an image.

Advantages: -

*      High resolution.

*      Produced smooth line drawing.

Disadvantages: -

*      Expensive.

*      Just does wire frame.

*      Complex scene cause-visible flicker.

3.   What is Random scan system? Draw it’s block diagram and explain it in detail.

Ans: - Random-Scan (Vector) Display System: -

In this technique, the electron beam is directed only to the part of the screen where the picture is to be drawn rather than scanning from left to right and top to bottom as in raster scan. It is also called vector display ore calligraphic display. Picture definition is stored as a set of line-drawing commands in an area of memory referred to as the refresh display file. Random-scan display are designed to draw all the component line of a picture 30 to 60 times each second.

      The refresh rate of vector display depends upon the number of lines to be displayed for drawing all component lines 30 to 60 times per second. Plotter is the best example of this system.

                   Random display system consists of additional processing unit along with CPU which is called the display processor. Picture definition is stored as a set of line drawing commands in an area of memory called display list. This display list is then accessed by the display processor to create an image.

Advantages: -

*      High resolution.

*      Produced smooth line drawing.

Disadvantages: -

*      Expensive.

*      Just does wire frame.

*      Complex scene cause-visible flicker.

4.       What is Raster scan system, explain it in detail?

Ø Ans: - Raster-Scan Display: -

                                             In a raster scan system, the electron beam is swept across the screen, one row at a time from top to bottom. As the electron beam moves across each row the beam intensity is turned on and off to create a pattern of illuminated spots. Picture definition is stored in memory. Stored intensity values are painted on the screen one row at a time as shown below.

Refreshing on Raster-Scan display is carried out at the rate of 60 or higher frames per second. Most of display devices are based on this technology. For e.g. CRT colour CRT, LCD and LED etc.

                Horizontal retrace/Vertical retrace: -

                                                                                                Returning of electron beam from right end to left end after refreshing each scan line is horizontal retrace. At the end of each frame, the electron beam returns to the top left corner to being next frame called vertical retrace.

Raster-Scan system consists of several processing units. CPU is the main processing unit of computer system. Architecture of Raster-Scan consist of system bus that helps to access peripheral devices. It consists of video controller which is used to control the operation of display devices. A fixed area of system memory is reserved for the frame buffer. The content of frame buffers are used to control the CRT beam’s intensity or colour.

Advantages: -

*      Shows Realistic pictures.

*      Millions unique hues can be performed.

*      Shadow scenes are conceivable. (i.e. Capable of being imagined)

Hues = Colour.

                Disadvantages: -

*      Low resolution.

*      Electron beam co-ordinated to whole screen not exclusively to those parts of screen where picture is drawn so long when drawn picture is longer then whole screen.

*      Expensive.

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